Photo

Eduardo Bangloy QA/QC Piping Inspector/Piping Foreman/Fabricator

Philippines
computer operator
  1. EDUARDO L. BANGLOY
  2. P2, B13, LT. 25, Magdalena Ext.
  3. Villa Sta. Barbara, Pangasinan 2419
  4. CP # Philippines: +639235422582
  5. Tel. # Philippines: +63755295146
  6. Email add: [email protected]m

 

POSITION APPLIED FOR: QAQC/Piping Inspector/Piping Foreman/Pipe Fabricator/Driver

 

OBJECTIVE:

  1. To  aspire challenging and dynamic career in mechanical, Piping, Welding Quality Controls,
  2. Quality Assurance, where I can apply and prove my knowledge and experience.

 

PROFILE:

I have 2 years and 4 months of experience as QA/QC piping inspector for related to Oil and Gas refinery project, Water and steels of esteemed organization, like in Turkmenistan,Ethane Cracker and Polyethylene/Polyethylene Plan Project, (TACE) Uzbekistan, Ustyurt Gas Chemical   Complex,Also have 6 years & 2 months of experience as Piping Foreman for related Oil & Gas refinery like in  Malaysia, Petronas, carigali, Under Sejong Co., Fertilizer project in Oran, Algeria, under Daewoo Engineering Co., LTD., And Combined cycle Power Plan project, Benghazi, Libya. Lube Oil project under Formosa Petro Chemical Corporation, Taiwan, R.O.C., Also have 3 years of experience as Pipe Fabricator for related Offshore/Onshore platform project in Dubai, U.A.E, Under Al-mulla Marine Engineering Co. Ltd. and also 4 years experience as Pipe Fitter in different projects  in  a countries including local experience.

 

While progressing within my career I have carried out Inspections of  manufacture, Fabrication, repairs and erection of all different pipes (GRE. Lined piping Carbon Steel, Low Temp., Stainless Steel, Duplex, Super Duplex, Alloy Steel,) Also conducting inspections on fabrication & Erection.

 

Analytically-minded QA/QC  Piping Inspector with an advanced detail-focused approach to perform quality assurance,  quality controls inspections. Logically based approach to reading and interpreting blueprints and product specifications as well as testing and measurement of parts. According to my long years experience as  QA/QC Piping Inspector in a large production facility with excellent understanding of statistics. My long time goal would to obtain my degree with Project Management and to fulfill this role.

 

CORE QUALIFICATIONS

  •     Expert reading of blueprints and specifications for product conformity.
  •     Strong testing inspection and measurement skills and abilities.
  •     Significant aptitude for applied statistics.
  •     Proficient monitoring of operations for products.
  •     Focused and detail oriented during testing process to ensure meeting of production standards.
  •     Strong interpretation of engineering specifications and documentation.

 

WORK EXPERIENCE:

  • Company name        :          INBANG INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD.
  • Address                     :          Balkan Region, Kyyanli District, Turkmenbashi, Turkmenistan
  • Position                     :          QA/QC PIPING INSPECTOR
  • Date hired                 :         January 21,2016 / February 16, 2017
  • Site project                :         Turkmenistan Ethane Cracker and  Polyethylene/Polyethylene Plan                                                                Oil & Gas Refinery

Job Description:

  •  Monitoring and administering the QA/QC Plan or Program incorporated materials on construction projects are in              company plans and specifications.
  • Assuring that the work is performed as required by the contract and required qualities.
  • Assuring the acceptable quality of materials, and workmanship project work.
  • Assisting Quality Assurance and Quality Control Engineer to inspection Fit Up and Visual at field.
  • Maintain standards of safety and comply with company health, Safety Environment Management System requirements.
  • Follow and maintain Company standards of Quality in accordance Quality system requirements
  • Review QC Documents, Monitor and Witness the stages of Umbilical pipe Manufacturing starting from materials                receiving, lay up, Pipe tie-in welding, Spooling, hydro testing, Out sheath extrusion, Material acceptance test, Final            length marking/cutting,
  • Receives Test Packages for Line Checking, Document Reviews and punch listings
  • Performs Actual site line checking Line checks, Document Reviews and punch listings
  • Perform Actual site Line checks and Verification as per Approved Isometric Drawings
  • Monitors  Records and Clearing of QC Related Punch Items
  • Review and Coordination of NDE and Outstanding  Inspection
  • Ascertains that safety for Welding, Testing and Related Activities are being implemented.

 

WORK EXPERIENCE:

  • Company name        :           INBANG INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD.
  • Address                     :          Aksholak Town, Kungrad Region, Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan
  • Position                     :         QA/ QC PIPING INSPECTOR
  • Date hired                 :          March 18, 2014 / June 02, 2015  (15 month)
  • Site project                :         Ustyurt Gas Chemical Complex  (UGCC)                                                                                                                                                   Oil & Gas Refinery

Job Description:

  • Inspection fit up and welding as per client specification.
  • Monitoring welding as per  proper WPS.
  • Reviewing the approved quality plans, manuals and scope of work perform the required inspection
  • Reviewing filler wire and electrodes of welding procedure specification.
  •  Qualification and performance monitoring of welding personnel
  •  Supervision and inspection welding Pre-heat and post weld and Heat Treatment of weld.
  •  Verification of isometric drawing with respect to P&ID.
  •  Prepare hydro test packages, line check and punch listing.
  •  Control of non-conformities issuance of punch list.
  •  Coordinating with client/consultants while the inspection is being carried out and offer any clarification is required.
  •  Preparing and maintaining various QA/QC documents and final test packages.
  •  Witness of alignment, Orientation and dimension of pipe spool installed.
  •  Assures that all joints are exposed for examination during pressure test.
  •  Making a re-instatement punch list and clearing the items.
  •  Witnessing of flange joint assembly and bolt torque.
  •  Ensure the blinds removed and correct rating gaskets are installed.
  •  Inspection of gaskets, Supports,Valves prior to line re-instement acceptance as per line
  •  latest iso drawing for construction, Codes and specification standards

 

WORK EXPERIENCE:

  • Company Name                      :           SEJONG M&E (M) SDN. BHD
  • Address                                    :           KIMANIS, SABAH MALAYSIA
  • Position                                    :           PIPING FOREMAN
  • Date Hired                               :           Aug.30,2012 – May 25,2013
  • Site Project                              :           SOGT (SABAH OIL AND GAS TERMINAL)

 

 

Job Description:

  • Planning and execution of projects to ensure maximum productivity within optimum quality and in a safe.
  • Plan and organize, including generation of programs. Follow-up and optimum resource utilization, Control and                  monitoring of departments man-hour expenditure including indirect hours, overtimes and days off to workers.
  • Plan daily and five weekly supervisory and manpower distribution.
  • Coordinate supervisor with other trades, ensuring smooth workflow on projects.
  • Provide back up to the Lead man for managing and handling projects including providing technical advice as required.
  • Ensure all work is carried out safely, befitting the high standards of the project.
  • Ensure that the safety management program on departments safety objectives are
  • strictly followed and action is taken against defaulters to prevent recurrence.
  • Ensure that all work is carried out to the required quality in the best possible manner                                                                  and within the guidelines of industry’s best engineering practices.
  • Conduct frequent audits and document the outcomes to verify that enough efforts have been put in the areas of                  productivity, safety and quality.
  • Stop processes if they do not meet specified requirements, raise occurrence report, develop corrective and preventive        action and ensure that rework is carried out to customer satisfaction.
  • Motivate, direct, align and guide the team for best performance, monitor performance and provide continuous appraisal  & feedback. Empower sub- ordinates and provide apt tools and technique including process improvement suggestions      and follow up on implementation.
  • Identify training requirements for subordinates and provide suitable training and guidance.
  • Take ownership of success or failure of the individual projects and resort to corrective measure to avoid recurrence in         future.
  • Ensure that the safety, Quality & Environment requirements of the yard are strictly followed.
  • Perform other job related duties as assigned by the section head.

 

WORK  EXPERIENCE:

  • Company Name                      :          DAEWOO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION CO.  ltd.
  • Address                                    :           Oran, Algeria
  • Position                                   :           PIPING FOREMAN
  • Date Hired                              :           June 07, 2011 / May 27, 2012
  • Site Project                             :           Algeria Oman Fertilizer Project

 

 

 

Job Description:

  • Working closely with client representatives to ensure the quality compliance of each project.
  • Plans, assigns, schedules and supervises the work of skilled and trade helpers’ subordinates on repair and installation        projects.
  • Working closely with client representatives to ensure the quality compliance of each project. Plans, assigns, schedules      and supervises the work of skilled and trade helpers’ subordinates on repair and installation projects.
  • Support other trades as required to include assisting in rigging, disassembly, reassembly and inspection of mechanical      and electrical equipment, systems and components.
  • Manage the project from start to finish. They direct crews of assistant staff such as Piping Helpers, assign them tasks,        and ensure that the project flows in a timely manner and according to the project plans and specifications.
  • Ensure that the safety, Quality & Environment requirements of the yard are strictly followed.

 

WORK EXPERIENCE:

  • Company Name                      :           DAEWOO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION CO.  ltd.
  • Address                                     :           Benghazi, Libya
  • Contact No.                              :           82–2–2288-3114
  • Position                                    :           PIPING FOREMAN
  • Date Hired                               :           March 29, 2009 / June 30, 2010
  • Site Project                              :           Benghazi Combined Cycle Power Plant Project

 

Job Description:          

  • Responsible for preparing, maintaining and installation of piping projects.
  • Working closely with client representatives to ensure the quality compliance of each project.
  • Plans, assigns, schedules and supervises the work of skilled and trade helpers’ subordinates on repair and installation projects.
  • Support other trades as required to include assisting in rigging, disassembly, reassembly and inspection of mechanical and electrical equipment, systems and components.
  • Worked close with all support groups such as scaffold and electricians to ensure my daily and weekly job plans could be met Trouble shoot for any piping problems and work hand and hand with the Field Engineer on such problems.
  • Worked with Quality Control Dept. to ensure quality welds and proper welding procedures I also worked closely with the Safety Dept to ensure the safety of the men under my supervision

 

WORK EXPERIENCE:

  • Company Name                      :           WAN CHI Steel Industrial Co. Ltd.
  • Address                                    :            360 An Hsin Road Chiau Su Village Yen Chau Kaohsiung                                                                                                                      Hsien Taiwan R.O.C.
  • Contact No.                             :           +886-7-6163881 Fax No.: +886-7-6169631
  • Position                                    :           PIPING FOREMAN
  • Date Hired                               :           January 27, 2007 – June 10, 2008
  • Site Project                              :           Formosa Petro Chemical Corp. (LBO-OSBL Project)                                                                                                                               Ciaotou, Mailiao, Yunlin County

 

Job Description:

  • Leads and controls skilled labor and work crews engaged in all activities concerned with the piping works aspects of the project.
  • Ensure new pipe fabricators/pipe-fitter are suitably trained and  instructed on the project work scope and quality requirements.
  • Prevents wastage and misuse of equipment, materials and tools. Supervises work crews to best utilize manpower and materials, exercises discipline at the work site to prevent absenteeism, unsafe work practices and idleness.
  • Ensure the monitoring, witness and inspection requirements of the Quality Control Inspection plan are followed and the Piping Inspection Request and (RFI’s) Request for Inspection forms are raised in a timely manner.
  • Complete the required monitoring of qualification updates and provide QC with client approved verification.
  • Familiar with all Company QA/QC and safety procedures/ regulations and strictly enforces them with the workforce under his responsibility.
  • Complies with the highest level of safety during all stages of project execution to avoid any type of incidents and or accidents.
  • Identifies, formulates and implements “on the job” training programs for the workforce under his responsibility.

 

WORK EXPERIENCE:

  • Company Name                      :          SAMSUNG ENGINEERING CO.LTD.
  • Address                                    :           Site Add No. 1. Formosa Industrial Complex Mailiao Village,                                                                                                               Yunlin County Taiwan R.O.C.
  • Position                                   :          PIPING FOREMAN
  • Date Hired                              :          June 17, 2005 – December 1, 2006
  • Company Profile                    :          Pressure Vessel, Structural Steel and General Metal Fabrication                                                                                                          company with approximately 1,500 employees.
  • Project                                     :           Formosa Refinery project                                                                                                                          P.O. Box #73                                                                                                                                                                                                     Ciaotou Maliao, Yunlin Country                                                                                                                                                                    638 Taiwan R.O.C.

 

Job Description:

  • Coordinate with piping Supervisor regarding work plan.
  • Preparation of pipe spool material for howling.
  • Supervises in Fabrication & installation of different kinds of piping including pipe supports.
  • Understanding of materials and equipment for maintenance and construction use.
  • Field verification of line before fabrication.
  • Prepare welding map to identify number of joints for both shop fields and field welds.
  • Submit as-built drawings as per client requirements.

 

WORK EXPERIENCE:

  • Company Name                      :           AL-MULLA MARINE ENGINEERING
  • Address                                   :           P.O. Box 52770 DUBAI, U.A.E.
  • Contact No.                            :           +97-4-3474988 Fax No: +971-4-3474990
  • Position                                   :           FABRICATOR
  • Date Hired                              :           September 25, 2001- September 24, 2004
  • Site Project                              :           Onshore/Offshore Dubai, U.A.E.

 

Job Description:  Onshore

  • Repairing, Modify and replacement of defectives pipes, Plates, Including pipe supports.
  • Responsibilities cutting, Bevel and erection at the same location.
  • Sometimes working also in rig for some repair.
  • Cutting renews frames and plates in any location of the ship even in engine room, Deck or tank inside.
  • Fabricating of pipe spool as per in drawing required, Also fit-up and fabricate  angle bars or beam for pipe support according to the exact measurement in drawing.

 

Job Description: Offshore

  • Study and interpret assembly instructions.
  • Listen to directions from supervisor.
  • Ability to understand oral and written instructions of technical nature.
  • Effective English reading and writing communication skills
  • Ability to operate different tools and to trouble shoot equipment     problems.
  • Good interpersonal and team work skills.
  • Completed  forms and documents to the satisfaction of the warehouse supervisor.
  • Planned in advance which sections would be needed to guarantee the project flowed well.
  • Read blueprints and planned highly workload for the shop.
  • Assisted in flux core welding stick, welding meg, and arc welding.
  • Basic math is needed due to the technological needs of many fabrication plants.
  • I also worked closely with the Safety Department to ensure the safety of the work  places area.

 

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

Name of School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   ISABELA STATE of UNIVERSITY

Address. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . .   Cauayan city,Isabela

Year Graduated. . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .College Level (3rd Year,)

Degree Earned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . .  .   B. S. mechanical engineering

Secondary  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  .  LIBERTAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Address  . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   Libertad, Abulug, Cagayan Philippines

Year Graduated  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . April 2, 1985

Degree Earned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   Diploma (Secondary)

Elementary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  LIBERTAD ELEM. SCHOOL

Address  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Libertad Abulug, Cagayan Philippines

Year Graduated . . . . . .  . . . . . . . .  .. . . . . . .  March 1981

Degree Earned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   Elementary

 

PERSONAL DATA:

Place of Birth                                       :           Jones Isabela

Civil Status                                          :           Married

Sex                                                      :           Male

Height                                                  :           5’8

Weight                                                 :           73 kgs.

Nationality                                           :           Filipino

Religion                                               :            Born Again Christian

Name of Spouse                                  :           Maribeth Bangloy

 

I HEREBY CERTIFY that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief.

 

 

EDUARDO L. BANGLOY

Applicant

 

 

 

 

Education

1981/1985 Diploma {Graduate) at Libertad National High School

During my high school life I am very happy and I just want thank you first to Our dear lord Jesus Christ, due of all trials in my study was help me to finish to graduate in secondary. God Bless!

Experience

January 21,2016 / February 16, 2017 QA/QC Piping Inspector at Inbang Industrial Co. Ltd.

• Monitoring and administering the QA/QC Plan or Program incorporated materials on construction projects are in company plans and specifications.
• Assuring that the work is performed as required by the contract and required qualities.
• Assuring the acceptable quality of materials, and workmanship project work.
• Assisting Quality Assurance and Quality Control Engineer to inspection Fit Up and Visual at field.
• Maintain standards of safety and comply with company health, Safety Environment Management System requirements.
• Follow and maintain Company standards of Quality in accordance Quality system requirements
• Review QC Documents, Monitor and Witness the stages of Umbilical pipe Manufacturing starting from materials receiving, lay up, Pipe tie-in welding, Spooling, hydro testing, Out sheath extrusion, Material acceptance test, Final length marking/cutting,
• Receives Test Packages for Line Checking, Document Reviews and punch listings
• Performs Actual site line checking Line checks, Document Reviews and punch listings
• Perform Actual site Line checks and Verification as per Approved Isometric Drawings
• Monitors Records and Clearing of QC Related Punch Items
• Review and Coordination of NDE and Outstanding Inspection
• Ascertains that safety for Welding, Testing and Related Activities are being implemented.

: March 18, 2014 / June 02, 2015 (15 month : QA/ QC PIPING INSPECTOR at : INBANG INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD

: • Inspection fit up and welding as per client specification.
• Monitoring welding as per proper WPS.
• Reviewing the approved quality plans, manuals and scope of work perform the required inspection.
• Reviewing filler wire and electrodes of welding procedure specification.
• Qualification and performance monitoring of welding personnel
• Supervision and inspection welding Pre-heat and post weld and Heat Treatment of weld.
• Verification of isometric drawing with respect to P&ID.
• Prepare hydro test packages, line check and punch listing.
• Control of non-conformities issuance of punch list.
• Coordinating with client/consultants while the inspection is being carried out and offer any clarification is required.
• Preparing and maintaining various QA/QC documents and final test packages.
• Witness of alignment, Orientation and dimension of pipe spool installed.
• Assures that all joints are exposed for examination during pressure test.
• Making a re-instatement punch list and clearing the items.
• Witnessing of flange joint assembly and bolt torque.
• Ensure the blinds removed and correct rating gaskets are installed.
• Inspection of gaskets, Supports,Valves prior to line re-instement acceptance as per line
latest iso drawing for construction, Codes and specification standards

Aug.30,2012 – May 25,2013 PIPING FOREMAN at SEJONG M&E (M) SDN. BHD

• Planning and execution of projects to ensure maximum productivity within optimum quality and in a safe.
• Plan and organize, including generation of programs. Follow-up and optimum resource utilization, Control and monitoring of departments man-hour expenditure including indirect hours, overtimes and days off to workers.
• Plan daily and five weekly supervisory and manpower distribution.
• Coordinate supervisor with other trades, ensuring smooth workflow on projects.
• Provide back up to the Lead man for managing and handling projects including providing technical advice as required.
• Ensure all work is carried out safely, befitting the high standards of the project.
• Ensure that the safety management program on departments safety objectives are
strictly followed and action is taken against defaulters to prevent recurrence.
• Ensure that all work is carried out to the required quality in the best possible manner
• and within the guidelines of industry’s best engineering practices.
• Conduct frequent audits and document the outcomes to verify that enough efforts have been put in the areas of productivity, safety and quality.
• Stop processes if they do not meet specified requirements, raise occurrence report, develop corrective and preventive action and ensure that rework is carried out to customer satisfaction.
• Motivate, direct, align and guide the team for best performance, monitor performance and provide continuous appraisal & feedback. Empower sub- ordinates and provide apt tools and technique including process improvement suggestions and follow up on implementation.
• Identify training requirements for subordinates and provide suitable training and guidance.
• Take ownership of success or failure of the individual projects and resort to corrective measure to avoid recurrence in future.
• Ensure that the safety, Quality & Environment requirements of the yard are strictly followed.
• Perform other job related duties as assigned by the section head.

June 07, 2011 / May 27, 2012 PIPING FOREMAN at DAEWOO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION CO. LTD.

• Working closely with client representatives to ensure the quality compliance of each project.
• Plans, assigns, schedules and supervises the work of skilled and trade helpers’ subordinates on repair and installation projects.
• Working closely with client representatives to ensure the quality compliance of each project. Plans, assigns, schedules and supervises the work of skilled and trade helpers’ subordinates on repair and installation projects.
• Support other trades as required to include assisting in rigging, disassembly, reassembly and inspection of mechanical and electrical equipment, systems and components.
• Manage the project from start to finish. They direct crews of assistant staff such as Piping Helpers, assign them tasks, and ensure that the project flows in a timely manner and according to the project plans and specifications.
• Ensure that the safety, Quality & Environment requirements of the yard are strictly followed.

March 29, 2009 / June 30, 2010 : PIPING FOREMAN at DAEWOO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION CO. LTD.

• Responsible for preparing, maintaining and installation of piping projects.
• Working closely with client representatives to ensure the quality compliance of each project.
• Plans, assigns, schedules and supervises the work of skilled and trade helpers’ subordinates on repair and installation projects.
• Support other trades as required to include assisting in rigging, disassembly, reassembly and inspection of mechanical and electrical equipment, systems and components.
• Worked close with all support groups such as scaffold and electricians to ensure my daily and weekly job plans could be met Trouble shoot for any piping problems and work hand and hand with the Field Engineer on such problems.
• Worked with Quality Control Dept. to ensure quality welds and proper welding procedures I also worked closely with the Safety Dept to ensure the safety of the men under my supervision

January 27, 2007 – June 10, 2008 PIPING FOREMAN at WAN CHI STEEL INDUSTRIAL CO. LTD.

• Leads and controls skilled labor and work crews engaged in all activities concerned with the piping works aspects of the project.
• Ensure new pipe fabricators/pipe-fitter are suitably trained and instructed on the project work scope and quality requirements.
• Prevents wastage and misuse of equipment, materials and tools. Supervises work
crews to best utilize manpower and materials, exercises discipline at the work site to prevent absenteeism, unsafe work practices and idleness.
• Ensure the monitoring, witness and inspection requirements of the Quality Control Inspection plan are followed and the Piping Inspection Request and (RFI’s) Request for Inspection forms are raised in a timely manner.
• Complete the required monitoring of qualification updates and provide QC with client approved verification.
• Familiar with all Company QA/QC and safety procedures/ regulations and strictly enforces them with the workforce under his responsibility.
• Complies with the highest level of safety during all stages of project execution to avoid any type of incidents and or accidents.
• Identifies, formulates and implements “on the job” training programs for the workforce under his responsibility.

June 17, 2005 – December 1, 2006 PIPING FOREMAN at SAMSUNG ENGINEERING CO.LTD.

• Coordinate with piping Supervisor regarding work plan.
• Preparation of pipe spool material for howling.
• Supervises in Fabrication & installation of different kinds of piping including pipe supports.
• Understanding of materials and equipment for maintenance and construction use.
• Field verification of line before fabrication.
• Prepare welding map to identify number of joints for both shop fields and field welds.
• Submit as-built drawings as per client requirements.

September 25, 2001- September 24, 2004 : FABRICATOR at AL-MULLA MARINE ENGINEERING

Job Description:
Onshore

• Repairing, Modify and replacement of defectives pipes, Plates, Including pipe supports.
• Responsibilities cutting, Bevel and erection at the same location.
• Sometimes working also in rig for some repair.
• Cutting renews frames and plates in any location of the ship even in engine room, Deck or tank inside.
• Fabricating of pipe spool as per in drawing required, Also fit-up and fabricate angle bars or beam for pipe support according to the exact measurement in drawing.

Job Description:
Offshore

• Study and interpret assembly instructions.
• Listen to directions from supervisor.
• Ability to understand oral and written instructions of technical nature.
• Effective English reading and writing communication skills
• Ability to operate different tools and to trouble shoot equipment problems.
• Good interpersonal and team work skills.
• Completed forms and documents to the satisfaction of the warehouse supervisor.
• Planned in advance which sections would be needed to guarantee the project flowed well.
• Read blueprints and planned hightly workload for the shop.
• Assisted in flux core welding stick, welding meg, and arc welding.
• Basic math is needed due to the technological needs of many fabrication plants.
• I also worked closely with the Safety Department to ensure the safety of the work places area.